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Home Water Treatments

BATHS, DIPS AND WATER TREATMENTS

Chemotherapeutic	Dose	Indication	Remarks
Acetylsalicylic acid	50 grains/10 gallons prolonged bath	relieves shock and stress	for fresh and salt water
Acriflavin, hydrochloride	10 ppm for 2 hours	protozoa, bacteria, fungi	not as safe as Acriflavin (neutral)
Acriflavin (neutral) .	5-10 mg/L prolonged bath 7-10 days continuous _______________ 500 mg/L 30 min bath daily ______________ 25 mg/L 30 min daily for 15 days	protozoa ______________ bacteria ______________ antiviral	kills plants _____________ none ______________ effective against Herpesvirus salmonis. Not effective orally. Efficacy questionable
Ampicillin, sodium		bacteria	not effective. not advised.
Ampicillin trihydrate		bacteria	not effective. not advised.
Aspirin	50 grains/10 gallons prolonged bath	relieves shock and stress	for fresh and salt water
Atabrine	30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days 10 mg/L for 3 days, continuous	Cryptocaryon irritans	breaks down in water quickly
Atabrine hydrochloride	30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days 10 mg/L for 3 days, continuous	Cryptocaryon irritans	breaks down in water quickly
Aureomycin	13 mg/L for 5 min ONCE	Oodinium sp.	questionable efficacy
Bacitracin	60-75 mg/L indefinite	bacteria	not absorbed systemically
Basic Bright Green Oxalate	60 mg/L for 45 seconds ONCE 1 mg/L for 2.5 hours	protozoa, fungi	none
Baslows solution copper sulfate + TRIS buffer + EDTA)	0.10 to 0.15 ppm ONCE	Amyloodinium and Cryptocaryon	toxic to freshwater fish
Betadine			not advised
Bleach .	200 ppm for 1 hour	antibacterial, anti viral, antiprotozoal, anti fungal. Disinfectant	Used to sterilize tanks and equipment. Will kill fish and inverts.
Bright green, zinc free .	0.1% painted on wound 67 mg/L for 1 min 0.2 mg/L for 1 hour 0.1 mg/L indefinite 0.1 mg/L OID Q3D	fungi fungi fungi fungi, some bacteria, ch, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium fungi, some bacteria, Ich, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium	Stains skin asnd fabrics. Is mutagenic, teraogenic. May be toxic to some species. More toxic at higher temperatures
Brilliant green, zinc free	0.1% painted on wound 67 mg/L for 1 min 0.2 mg/L for 1 hour 0.1 mg/L indefinite 0.1 mg/L OID Q3D	fungi fungi fungi fungi, some bacteria, ch, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium fungi, some bacteria, Ich, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium	Stains skin and fabrics. Is mutagenic, teraogenic. May be toxic to some species. More toxic at higher temperatures
Chloramphenicol			not effective as a bath
Chloramphenicol, sodium succinate			not effective as a bath
Chloromycetin			not effective as a bath
Chlorotetracycline	13 mg/L for 5 min ONCE	antibacterial	many resistant strains
Chloroquine	10 mg/L indefinite, ONCE	antiprotozoal, control of Cryptocaryon irritans	somewhat effective
Chloroquine diphosphate	10 mg/L indefinite, ONCE	antiprotozoal, control of Cryptocaryon irritans	somewhat effective
Copper, buffered (copper sulfate + TRIS buffer + EDTA)	0.10 to 0.15 ppm ONCE	Amyloodinium, Cryptocaryon	toxic to freshwater fish
Copper sulfate .	0.0001 mg/L indefinite, continuous bath 500 mg/L for 1 minute 2.3 to 4.0 mg/L indefinite	protozoa protozoa algae control	toxic to inverts and live plants. Prolonged exposure may cause anemia. kidney, liver and gill problems over time. Highly toxic to freshwater fish.
Copper sulfate, citrated	0.15 to 0.20 mg/L for 14 days	protozoa	toxic to inverts and freshwater fish. Perhaps the most effective form of copper.
Copper sulfate, chelated	2 mg/L to 8 mg/L	protozoa	generally not as effective as non chelates. Prolonged exposure may cause anemia, gill, kidney and liver damage. Not advised.
Cycloserine.	50 mg/gal every other day for 3 treatments	bacteria, possibly fish tuberculosislosis	Saltwater only
Calcium hypochlorite	200 ppm for one hour 300 ppm	antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, disinfectant. effective against Myxosoma	Will kill fish and inverts. For sterilization ONLY
Daraprim	1 ppm	Cryptocaryon, Ich	not effective
Dichlorvos	0.2 mg/kg continuous (for 4 weeks)	monogenea, digenea crustaceans	none
Dimetridazole .	50 mg/L for 24 hours. Repeat daily for 10 days	Hexamita	not very effective
Dimilin	0.01 mg/L 48 hours. 3 treatments, 6 days apart.	crustaceans	76% of this chemical persists at least one week in pond water
Dylox	0.25 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days 0.5 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days 2.0 mg/L for 1 hr., ONCE	trematodes, crustaceans	potentially carcinogenic. Doses are in active ingredient. Water to be discarded should be brought to pH 11
Epsom salts	70 g/L for 5 min ONCE	cathartic	freshwater fish only
Erythromycin	50 mg/L for 15 min 250 mg/ 25 gallons, indefinite	antibacterial Cyanobacter control	ineffective. not advised will not harm biological filter at this dose
Flagyl	4 mg/L for 3 to 4 days	Hexamita	change water with each treatment. poorly soluble
Flumequine	50 mg/L for 30 minutes	Furunculosis	absorption increased at lOver pH.
Formaldehyde (37%) . .	0.4 ml/L up to 1 hour every 3 days in soft water. 0.5 ml/L up to 1 hour every three days in hard water 2 ml/L in marine water up to 1 hour every three days	protozoa, monogenea, digenea, crustaceans	effect on fish is highly species specific. Not advised. Wear protective eye wear when using. POISON!
Fresh water	immerse marine fish for 5 to 10 min	extoparasites, protozoa	not for fishes with lesions
Furacin	2 ppm as a 24 hour bath 10 ppm as as 24 hour bath	bacteria, antiseptic	not effective against Ich
Furanace	0.05 to 0.1 mg/L indefinite bath	bacteria	non-food fish only
Furazone green	2 ppm as a 24 hour bath 10 ppm as as 24 hour bath	bacteria, antiseptic	not effective against Ich
HTH .	200 ppm for one hour 300 ppm effective against _Myxosoma_.	antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal disinfectant	Will kill fish and inverts. FOR STERILIZATION ONLY!
Hydrocortisone	10 mg/L 30 minutes MAXIMUM as needed	shock	none
Hydrogen peroxide, 3%	17.5 gm/ L for 10-15 min bath 5000 ppm dip for 5 min 1 ml/10 gallons/hour	ectoparasites, protozoacide antiseptic oxygen enhancer	may disrupt biological filter with prolonged use.
Iodine 7% tincture	paint on wound and rinse immediately	antiseptic	none
Ipropan	3-4 mg/L for 6-12 hours ONCE	Hexamita	none
Isoniazid.	40 mg/ gal for three treatments, every other day	bacteria. Possibly effective against marine tuberculosis	none
Kanamycin	750 mg/L for 2 hours OID	bacteria	none
Levamisol .	2 mg/L for 24 hours ONCE 50 mg/L for 2 hours ONCE	nematodes	most effective against larval nematodes, swimbladder worms no increase in effectiveness with higher dose. LD50 for eels is 250 mg/. Single treatment kills ~ 50% of nematode load.
Magnesium sulfate	70 g/L for 5 min ONCE	cathartic	freshwater fish only
Malachite green, zinc free .	0.1% painted on wound 67 mg/L for 1 min 0.2 mg/L for 1 hour 0.1 mg/L indefinite 0.1 mg/L OID Q3D for three treatments	fungi fungi, some bacteria, Ich, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium	Stains skin and fabrics. Is mutagenic, teraogenic. May be toxic to some species if overdosed. More toxic at higher temperatures.
Malachite green, zinc free plus formalin	0.1 mg/L indefinite 0.1 mg/L OID Q3D for three treatments	fungi, some bacteria, Ich, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium	Stains skin and fabrics. Is mutagenic, teraogenic. May be toxic to some species if overdosed. More toxic at higher temperatures. Formalin may disrupt biological filter. NOT ADVISED.
Marine salt	22 g/L for 30 min 30 g/L for 10 min 1-3 g/L indefinite 6 g/L indefinite	protozoa, fungi, Epistylis, osmoregulatory stress	none none subtherapeutic level "general tonic"
Masoten	0.25 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days 0.5 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days 2.0 mg/L for 1 hr., ONCE	trematodes, crustaceans	potentially carcinogenic. Doses are in active ingredient. Water to be discarded should be brought to pH 11
Mebendazole	1 mg/L for 24 hours ONCE 100 mg/L for 2 hours ONCE	Pseudodactylogyrus	none
Merbromen	paint on wounds	disinfectant	do not get into gills
Mercurochrome	paint on wounds	disinfectant	do not get into gills
Merthiolate	paint on wounds	disinfectant, fungi, bacteria	rinse fish before returning to tank. Do not get into gills.
Methylene Blue	2 mg/L prolonged bath up to 5 days, continuous 3 mg/L prolonged bath up to 5 days, continuous 50 mg/L for 10 seconds	Cyanide toxicity, oxygen transfer across gills fungi	May kill plants. Harmful to biological filter. Will stain hands and fabrics. Effectiveness reduced by organics in tank. none
Metronidazole	4 mg/L for 3 to 4 days	Hexamita	change water with each treatment. Poorly soluble
Micromycin	400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days 100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days	bacteria bacteria	saltwater fish only freshwater fish only
Minocycline	100 mg/10 gallons every other day	bacteria	possibly effective against fish tuberculosis
MS-222	50 to 100 mg/L 250 to 500 mg/L	tranquilizer euthanizing solution	use with caution. Dose is species specific.
Neguvon	0.25 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days 0.5 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days 2.0 mg/L for 1 hr., ONCE	trematodes, crustaceans	potentially carcinogenic. Doses are in active ingredient. Water to be discarded should be brought to pH 11
Nifurpirinol	0.05 to 0.1 mg/L indefinite bath	bacteria	non foodfish only
Nitrofurazone	2 ppm as a 24 hour bath 10 ppm as 24 hour bath	bacteria, antiseptic	not effective against Ich
Nitrofurpyrinol	2 mg/L for 19 hours ONCE	antiprotozoal	effective against Chilodonella. Not effective in salt water. Not effective against Ich. Can cause skin and gill lesions in catfish. Mutagenic and carcinogenic.
Oxytetracycline	400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days 100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days	bacteria	saltwater fish only freshwater fish only Many resistant strains
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride	400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days 100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days	bacteria	saltwater fish only freshwater fish only Many resistant strains
Ozone	0.1 mg/L for 60 sec. daily for 7 days 70 mg/L for 10 min daily for 7 days 90 mg/L for 10 min daily for 7 days 0.1 mg/L continuous.	disinfectant, antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal. Oxidizes organics.	use with caution. Can burn mucus membranes. Degrades rubber. Run ozonated water through carbon before returning to tank. Concentration must be checked daily or ozonator should be regulated by an ORP meter (preferred)
Phenoxyethol	100 mg/L as a 1 hr. bath, ONCE	fungi	none
2-Phenoxyethol	100 mg/L as a 1 hr. bath, ONCE	fungi	none
Potassium permanganate	1 g/L for 30-40 seconds. 20 mg/L for 1 hr. 2-5 mg/L indefinite	crustaceans, protozoa	Only in acid water. Can be toxic to goldfish. food fish use. Can cause massive fish deaths. Not advised.
Povidone-Iodine			not advised
Praziquantel HCL ,	10 mg/L for 3 hours 2 mg/L for 24 hours	trematodes, cestodes, Dactylogyrus, Diplozoon, Proteocephalus	Levels can cause toxicity in Corydoras catfish. Not advised for juvenile fishes. Fish may appear narcotized after dip. Not easily dissolved in water. Repeat treatment at weekly intervals for 3 weeks for egg laying monogenes.
Primaquine phosphate	15 mg/gal every other day for 5 treatments	Cryptocaryon	salt water only
Pyrimthamine	1 ppm	Cryptocaryon, Ich	not effective
Quinaldine	20:1 with ethyl alcohol	fish tranquilizer	not advised due to alcohol content
Quinacrine	30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days 10 mg/L for 3 days, continuous	Cryptocaryon irritans	breaks down in water quickly
Quinacrine hydrochloride	30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days 10 mg/L for 3 days, continuous	Cryptocaryon irritans	breaks down in water quickly
Quinine hydrochloride	30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days 10 mg/L for 3 days, continuous	Cryptocaryon irritans	breaks down in water quickly
Quinine sulfate	30 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 3 days	protozoa	breaks down quickly in water
Salt water	2 ppt as an indefinite bath	protozoa, fungi, Epistylis, osmoregulatory stress	none
Sea water	2 ppt as an indefinite bath	protozoa, fungi, Epistylis, osmoregulatory stress	none
Simazine	0.5-2.5 g/m3 indefinite	herbicide, algicide	food fish use. Will kill trees.
Sodium chloride	22 g/L for 30 min 30 g/L for 10 min 1-3 g/L indefinite 6 g/L indefinite	protozoa, fungi, Epistylis, osmoregulatory stress	none subtherapeutic level "general tonic"
Sodium chlorite	2-5 ppm indefinite	bacteria, protozoa	freshwater use only. May kill plants
Sodium hypochlorite	200 ppm for 1 hour	antibacterial, anti viral, antiprotozoal, anti fungal . Disinfectant.	Used to sterilize tanks and equipment. Will kill fish and inverts.
Sodium sulfadiazine	100 to 250 mg/L as a long duration bath	bacteria	will precipitate in water <pH 9. Repeat each day for 5 days. Good for one day. May be effective against Cryptocaryon
Sodium sulfathiazole	250 mg/10 gallons as a long duration bath	bacteria	will precipitate in water <pH 9. Repeat each day for 5 days. Good for one day. May be effective against Cryptocaryon
Sodium thiosulphate	1 gram/ 10 gallons	chlorine neutralizer	none
Sulfadiazine	250 mg/10 gallons as a long duration bath	bacteria	will precipitate in water <pH 9. Repeat each day for 5 days. Good for one day. May be effective against Cryptocaryon
Sulfamethazine	100 mg/L for 1 hour daily for 7 days	bacteria	none
Sulfathiazole sodium	250 mg/10 gallons as a long duration bath	bacteria	will precipitate in water <pH 9. Repeat each day for 5 days. Good for one day. May be effective against Cryptocaryon
Sweet water	immerse marine fish for 5 to 10 min	extoparasites, protozoa	not for fishes with lesions
Table salt, non-iodized	22 g/L for 30 min 30 g/L for 10 min 1-3 g/L indefinite 6 g/L indefinite	protozoa, fungi, Epistylis, osmoregulatory stress	none subtherapeutic level "general tonic"
Terramycin	400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days 100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days	bacteria	Saltwater fish only Freshwater fish only Many resistant strains.
Tetracycline	400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days 100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days	bacteria	Saltwater fish only Freshwater fish only Many resistant strains
Tetracycline HCL	400 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days 100 mg/L for 1 hr. daily for 7 days	bacteria	Saltwater fish only Freshwater fish only Many resistant strains.
Tincture of iodine 7%		antiseptic	Paint on wound and rinse immediately
Tricaine methsulfonate	15-66 mg/L 6-48 hours 50-330 mg/L 1-40 minutes	sedation anesthesia	use with caution
Trichlorfon	0.25 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days 0.5 mg/L for 1 hr. every 5 days 2.0 mg/L for 1 hr., ONCE	trematodes, crustaceans	potentially carcinogenic. Doses are in active ingredient. Water to be discarded should be brought to pH 11
TRIS buffer (copper sulfate + TRIS buffer + EDTA)	0.10 to 0.15 ppm ONCE	Amyloodinium and Cryptocaryon	toxic to freshwater fish
Vancomycin	2.0 mg/l for one hour, ONCE	bacteria (gram positive cocci)	has a shelf life of two weeks when in solution.
Vancomycin hydrochloride	2.0 mg/l for one hour, ONCE	bacteria (gram positive cocci)	has a shelf life of two weeks when in solution.
Victoria Green	0.1% painted on wound 67 mg/L for 1 min 0.2 mg/L for 1 hour 0.1 mg/L indefinite 0.1 mg/L OID Q3D for three treatments	fungi fungi, some bacteria, Ich, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium	Stains skin and fabrics. Is mutagenic, teraogenic. May be toxic to some species if overdosed. More toxic at higher temperatures.

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